Winter can be a stressful time to be a horse owner. As an ambulatory veterinarian, I would like to share with you my “Top Five” most common cold weather emergencies.
- Colic
In the cold, horses are less interested in drinking and have less access to pasture and turnout; this makes impaction colics more of a concern. Knowing your horse’s normal fecal output and drinking habits will help you detect a change and possibly circumvent serious problems. Speak to your veterinarian about having a pain-relieving medication on hand.
- Severe Lameness
Pelvic injuries can happen to horses turned out into slippery fields; a horse’s anatomy does not allow him to do the “splits,” which can happen when he is feeling frisky on an icy pasture. Other musculoskeletal injuries, such as fractures or strained soft tissue structures, can result from falling. Snow pads or studs can be added to your horse’s shoes as a preventative measure. I love turnout, but keeping a horse inside may be the best idea until your pasture becomes a safer place.
- Down Horses and Hypothermia
Underweight and older horses become susceptible to extremely cold temperatures. If a horse goes down and cannot get up, veterinary assistance is often needed. Proper body condition prior to cold weather can help a horse maintain normal body temperature. Older horses may need anti-inflammatory medication if arthritis makes getting up and down difficult.
- Fever
Respiratory diseases can be a problem during the winter. Viruses such as influenza can cause high fevers (up to 105°F) and can infect entire barns quickly due to closely shared quarters and reduced ventilation. Monitor your horse’s temperature to determine his specific normal range.
- Lacerations
Lacerations and other wounds are fairly common occurrences after a serious storm. Most of these injuries can be handled on the farm if they are seen quickly. If your horse will allow it, cold hosing or bandaging the area can help alleviate swelling or hemorrhage prior to your vet’s arrival.
Best wishes for a safe winter to both you and your equine friend!